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Effective drainage design depends on the coordination of several technical factors rather than a single solution.

Surface slope plays a fundamental role. A gradient of around 0.5% to 1% is typically required to guide water toward drainage points. Without it, even high-quality systems can experience localized water accumulation.

Permeability is equally critical. The system must be capable of handling peak rainfall intensity, which means ensuring sufficient vertical drainage capacity through properly selected materials and layer design.

Finally, the base structure determines whether the system performs consistently over time. Proper compaction, correct layer thickness, and the use of angular aggregates all contribute to maintaining void space for water movement while preventing settlement and deformation.